Prostate Cancer Diagnosis: Why a Single Antigen Blood Test Isn’t Enough

Prostate cancer is a significant health concern for men in Australia, affecting approximately 26,000 individuals annually, primarily those over 60. While blood tests play a role in initial screening, it’s essential to understand their limitations.

The Role of the Antigen Blood Test (PSA)

The antigen blood test, also known as the Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) test, measures PSA levels in the blood. Elevated PSA levels *can* indicate prostate cancer, but they don’t tell the whole story. Many factors can cause a rise in PSA, including benign conditions like prostatitis (inflammation of the prostate) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), an age-related enlargement of the prostate.

Why a Single Test Isn’t Definitive

Relying solely on a single PSA test for diagnosis can lead to both false positives (incorrectly indicating cancer) and false negatives (missing actual cancer cases). This is why doctors typically consider other factors, such as age, family history, and digital rectal exams, before making a diagnosis. Further investigation, like biopsies, are often required to confirm the presence of cancer.